The BMW i3 and Solar PV, an enriching relationship at a beautiful scale.

It's just 30 ft.  from the panels to the EV plug. 

We've arrived at zero net cost (-$472 actual) for the energy required to live in our home and drive our two electric BMW i3’s powered by Solar PV.

The utility savings from our Solar PV system installed in 2007 and the gasoline savings from our EV driving beginning in 2009 with the BMW Mini-E, led to our energy plant / Solar PV system being fully paid off in April of 2012.  For our family, we have an ongoing savings of around $8000 a year continuing for the next few decades. 

But there’s another side of the story to tell, a story of design scale and the relationship between the car and the source of fuel that's both surprising and fascinating.

Design. 

Good design has a natural scale, for example the scale of an object as compared to a person, such as the height of a ceiling.  Or the proximity of an object to another object or person, such as landscaping, that when done well provides a sense of comfortableness, a feeling of beauty.  It works well and fits together nicely.  

When not done well, a poor design scale can seem awkward, weird, and uninviting.  “What the heck were they trying do here” is a typical response resulting from poor design scale.  

Now let’s take a look at the design scale between the car, a parking space, and the space required to power the car a typical 12,000 miles a year.

An average parking space for a car is 9 ft. by 18 ft. for a total of 162 ft. An average residential garage space per car is even greater at more than 200 sq. ft.

From our real world "Driving to Net Zero" experience, we know that our car the BMW i3, requires 2860 kWh to drive 12,000 miles.  We also know that for each kw in system size our Solar PV system located in coastal California produced 1588 kWh.   For our individual situation, a Solar PV system size of 1.8 kw is required to provide the electricity to drive our BMW i3 12,000 miles a year.

For a better comparison, let’s design an average system size that will work for the majority of electric cars in all areas of the USA.   

The efficiency of electric cars range from 3 miles per kWh to 4.2 miles per kWh. Additionally, solar resources vary across the nation.   Factoring in the lowest solar resources and a larger EV,  a 3 kw Solar PV system size  is needed to power the vast majority of eclectic car choices 12,000 miles a year, anywhere in the USA.

Solar resources across the USA.

How large is a 3 kw Solar PV system?   The SunPower X21 panel produces 345 watts and is 17.57 sq. feet in size at 61.4inches by 41.2 inches.  8.7 panels are needed for a 3 kw system size but let's call it 9 panels for 3.1 kw system to keep the math easy for a total of 158 sq. ft.

To recap:

A typical parking space for most cars anywhere in the USA is 162 sq. ft.

A Solar PV system in California, 12,000 miles in a BMW i3 is 92 sq. ft.

A Solar PV system anywhere USA, 12,000 miles in any EV is 158 sq. ft.

That’s a beautiful proportional design scale.  The size of the space required to park a car is larger than the space it takes to provide power for the car.

You're probably thinking to yourself, this will never work, the $9,000 to install the 3 kw Solar PV system for the car over one parking space is too expensive.

Do you ever think about how expensive that parking space is?  A paved parking space can run from from $4,000 to $40,000  (source link)  each depending on location and we've managed to build 4-5 for each car in our cities.  One space at home, one on the curb, one at work, and one or two out in the city for your use as you shop and run errands.

When you add up the multiple parking spaces per car, it's very clear that providing parking for the car is many times more expensive and land intensive, than providing the energy to power the car during a 25-40 year time frame.  It cracks me up that we still refer to it as free parking.

The parking spaces can be more expensive than the Solar PV.

  

Relationship.

A relationship can be a coupling, cause and effect, harmony between two or more,  the way two or more are connected, a symbiotic reliance on the other.

All cars need an energy relationship to move.

Currently most cars have a required relationship with a gas station. You simply must fuel your car at a gas station.   The gas station stores and dispenses the fuel that arrives by tanker truck from the refinery.  The refinery receives the crude oil from a tanker or oil pipeline.  The oil tanker receives the crude oil from a pipeline or tanker truck that receives it from an oil well or oil source.  

This conveyance chain of hydrocarbons to your car can be thousands of miles long traversing oceans. In this long carbon chain, you are the payer at the end of the chain with all the owners of the pieces of the chain enriched by your payment. 

This long hydrocarbon conveyance chain is also very inefficient, resulting in less than 20% of the original energy contained in the crude oil reaching the wheels of your car where they meet the pavement.   

The electric car also has a required relationship with electricity.  This can be made from many more sources including Solar PV that sits on the roof or carport above one of the parking spaces provided for the car.  The conveyance chain can be as short as 30 feet, from where the sun shines on the Solar panel to your car.  

This electricity harvested from the sunshine supply chain to your car is owned entirely by you.  This conveyance chain supplies the electricity to your car where your car is parked and results in over 85% of the original sourced electricity reaching the wheels of your car where they meet the pavement.

That’s a beautiful relationship between the car, electricity and nature that ultimately enriches you the owner.   We can provide the electricity for our cars in this space with Solar PV at a fixed cost equivalent of $0.50 - $0.75 per gallon of gasoline.

Relationships and design...They matter.

Our BMW Mini-E and our fuel station in 2009.

The Highest EPA Rated Mass Produced Vehicle Off All Time! 500% More Efficient Than The Average New Gasoline Vehicle.

You can live and drive powered by sunshine.

Julie and I are fortunate enough to both own and drive BMW i3 Bev's powered by sunshine. Our BMW i3's are the principal reason along with Solar PV and a very efficient home, that we are able to live and drive with zero net utility or gasoline cost.

The BMW i3 is rated by the EPA at 177.7 combined mpg rating (using unadjusted laboratory figures) according the article, an unbelievable 5 times more efficient than the the average new gasoline vehicle which is rated using the same methodology at 31mpg unadjusted.  (Source NPR)

That directly translates into more wealth for those owners and families who own the car, (or any other electric car) and cleaner air for us all.

Consider this from a San Diego perspective.

If we as San Diegans achieve 50% electrification of our transportation fleet, we would reduce by 30% the overall emissions in San Diego County. 59% is the total emissions created by our transportation choices. Just as importantly, we would also be creating wealth and economic savings for our families and communities by reducing the cost of transportation fuel.

Our sources of emissions in the City and County of San Diego

A shift from oil to electricity in our transportation choices enables efficiency gains of up to 700% thus creating economic wealth. As just one example of this, the EPA rates the average new gasoline vehicle at 31mpg unadjusted and the new BMW i3 at 177.7 combined mpg rating (using unadjusted laboratory figures). This is a greater than 500% improvement in miles traveled using the same amount of energy.  The cost savings,wealth generation and improvement in air quality implications if our experience were replicated in an entire city, state or nation is staggering and incalculable.

Most understand the energy savings of a LED bulb versus an incandescent bulb; the same amount of light for 1/5th of the energy used, electric transportation is similar.   In any energy or emissions strategy, efficiency is always the highest priority in the loading order and is wealth generating at an equal percentage to the savings. 

Using our real world experience gained in the "Driving to Net Zero"
Challenge, as compared to the best utility rate and gasoline.

Our highest priority should be reducing and ultimately eliminating the 59% of our emissions in the County of San Diego that are caused by our transportation choices. We can do this by electrifying our transportation choices coupled with equal effort; land use planning that reduces vehicle miles travelled offering greater mobility choices.

As Americans, a long-standing national goal shared by several Presidents of both political parties, has been to reduce and ultimately eliminate our dependency on foreign oil. In 2014, nine millions barrels of oil daily were imported from 75 countries representing 46% of our total oil consumption. We are currently fighting wars involving cost in both money and blood, because oil is still regrettably a strategic concern.

Focusing on getting to 100% renewables in our San Diego electricity grid does zero to contribute in solving this national problem, as our grid contains zero electricity produced with oil.

Focusing on transitioning to electric transportation choices ultimately solves this national problem as the majority of our oil is used and refined to make gasoline.

Looking regionally, are we really willing to dot our backcountry and uproot farmland with hundreds of 50 to 1000+ acre Solar PV power-plants in order to accomplish the goal of getting to 100% renewable energy? (For the record I have supported with concerns, the first several installations as a San Diego County Planning Commissioner.)

Or is the better strategy at least for the next few decades, something less than a 100% renewable energy electricity grid, with a preponderance of distributed renewable energy installations owned by hundreds of thousands of energy entrepreneurs on our existing buildings, parking lots and garages/carports? Solar PV installations that are focused on reducing the four times greater transportation emissions as well as our building emissions.

There are currently 72,000 energy entrepreneurs with solar PV systems in the SDG&E service area. This number is 50x more than existed 10 years ago. In the next 10 years we can easily predict 10x this number.  The energy grid is evolving into a more equitable grid whereby if you provide a benefit, you'll make money, if you are a net user you'll pay money.  Soon there will be millions of energy entrepreneurs on the energy grid.  Sounds like what happened to our communications grid doesn't it?

We have a lot to think about and plan for, unprecedented changes are happening in our transportation and energy sectors. It’s an exciting time of opportunity on all fronts.

Electricity including renewable energy should be thought of  first and foremost as a transportation fuel. 

That’s both our greatest challenge and our greatest hope. Let’s get to work.

Thank you BMW for making a fantastic car to drive, for enriching our pocket books and for helping clean our air.